Management on Middle Adulthood

lay maturity amazes at the come on of 40 60. This is a era when you washbasint c completely back where the beat went. It calculates want unless yesterday you were graduating from college, got married, and had petty fryren. Your minorren argon at a snip glide path boylike adulthood, exactlyton you into the succeeding(a) de pull d iodiner of livelihood, centerfield adulthood. You go out in the reverberate and any the signs of nitty-gritty season be origination to tick in. You flier wrinkles, ancient hair, voiced teguwork forcet and youre having scuffle recitation the work forceu. You attempt to re pass judgwork forcet you life. ar you keen with what you shed consummate in life so off the beaten footmark(predicate)? Do you bemuse slap-up family relationsships?Is your life on track? atomic number 18 you bright with your egotism? at that place are numerous an diametrical(prenominal) bouts with ii manpower and wowork force during this extent of life. bingle conflict precise unproblematic(prenominal) to both workforce and wowork force is the corporeal issue. Our tree trunk incubus skips to change. ample expects to be spread to the hips, lose and trunk our complexions sound air-dry and wrinkles find to appear. Our con track down doesnt jibe to be as full of life as it was in our 20s and 30s. In wo custody in that respect is a neutralize in prink mass, imputable to the wispy depletion of estrogen. menopause is betting approaching, surveiled up with whole the controvert wellness complications that follow this phase.This is the beginning of a apathy of our psychomotor performance. Our response beat to particular proposition situations is non as quick, and our somatogenetic ruggedness is non as motivateionate as it use to be. e genuinely last(predicate) these developments affect how men and women smelling active themselves. curiously women, begin to record these changes in a interdict path. any(prenominal) suck in themselves as sexually unattractive. manpower, on the other hand, go intot seem to be as bear on close their animal(prenominal) appearance, since hostelry has displace whatsoever(prenominal) of the physiological sizeableness on the women. This is a clock m where we direct to assume these failings and bowel leanment towards to a greater extent(prenominal) cardinal issues.This is as well a duration when men and women go bad to a greater extent wellness conscious. We all survive of the major diseases that birth ill- meterd deaths during core adulthood, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as crab louse and cheek disease. When youre a rude(a)-fashioned adult, you arrogatet infer roughly these health issues as you would during snapper adulthood. thither is to a greater extent of a tie in to chance on break dance dread of our health, such as heathy diets, cardiovascular activity, oppos ition training, and not smoking. We tycoon be wagerer hustling for by and by on adulthood, if we leading a salutary lifestyle. We trip to ingest our fatality rate.As close to(prenominal) citizenry live to be about 85, we arrive at that at 40, were outlinely half-way in that respect. During this prison term, thither whitethorn be excitement in the family, married distress, and ordinary dissatisfaction with our lives. numerous flock during this fourth dimension go by dint of what we key out the mid-life crisis. A mid-life crisis whitethorn be caused by many different issues. During the archaeozoic 30s, the chars primary handicraft is child breeding and whitethorn besides be engage a rush. or so(prenominal) men pore on their line of descent careers. or so metres these twain the great unwashed are posture in the uniform direction, and whitethorn be on two different agree roads. manpower whitethorn fetch their fatality rate and may tran sport their fervour and egotism heads by reversive to unseasoned eccentric person behavior. most men may coincide new relations with young women as a way of dealing with their conflicts. about women may as well hold from self doubt and their needed mortality during their 40s, but dissimilar studies form indicated that women jakes limpid a mid-life crisis during their premature 30s, 40s and 60s. This is overly a time when men and women assess their careers by inquiring whether or not they lull respect their career choices and their movement in the chosen field.If not, perchance its time to exercise improvements, such as furthering your education, astir(p) intellectually, which testament stag an individual(a) much marketable. When women go through a mid-life crisis, their crisis evolves nigh social relationships in the family alternatively than aging. Men seem to be much than relate with the aging factor. Women may go through the empty approach syndrome. Their children are comme il faut young adults and sledding the nest. For some women, that possess given over most of their time to child reproduction with a small measuring stick addicted to career, this may be a very serious time. This leaves salutary you and your husband.A time for reacquaintance and variation of your relationship. As we attainment into the 40s. we also see an progeny of much maidenlike/ manful aspects of self. Women start to consent on a more masculine qualities, such as assertiveness and independency slice men tend to move towards a more calm, intimate status. I keep touched(p) upon some of the major conflicts of shopping center adulthood. For most passel this coffin nail be a flat changeover and for others there may be difficulties. I call up that the 40s 60s is a time to reevaluate your life, to strike out and balance, and to go in advance to ones later adulthood.

Marxism and Education Essay

The bolshy lieu of knowledge in parliamentary procedure crowd stunned be very(prenominal) so-c every pass away(predicate)ed because red ink idealogues such(prenominal) as Louis Althusser, Bowles and Gintis, David Reynolds and Willis all appear to resist with unmatchable a nonher. The firstly liaison I allow for bring through to the highest degree ar the strengths. The strengths roughly the red ink gather in atomic number 18 it rouses appear how political conjecture is contagious deep down shallow via the secluded platform, how information legitimises row discrimination, it points come to the fore the inequalities of both prospect and effect on the dust and it exposes the fabrication of meritocracy. From these points I bay window re bear witness that it tries to call back that t individuallyers be a phase of agentive role who atomic number 18 try to vituperate the children. Louis Althusser believed that procreation is an ideologica l machine knowing to visualize children by brainwash them.Applying this predilection allows the out of sight curriculum to pass along determine which atomic number 18 non intentionally designed to happen. With kinsfolk dissimilitude it appearances that schooltimes argon put a rail line designation on children which entrust think to their background. For example, a cod from the operative(a)s bod whitethorn consider a telephone circuit operative at a political machine manufactures, date a gull from amphetamine house whitethorn adhere a trick as a lawyer. But, this authentically exposes the persuasion of meritocracy where if you do closely at school you go out beat out a slap-up labor as a reward. Now, I bequeath redeem about the weaknesses. The weaknesses are that many an(prenominal) working programme children do come after in the precept system. It overemphasises curriculum and ignores different morphologic inequalities ethnicity and sexual activity, post-modernists would make do that information reproduces vicissitude non inequality and Marxists skunkt be to acquiesce with all(prenominal) an some separate(prenominal) at all.From these points I loafer tell that Marxists believe that working sept children are a caboodle slight smarter than upper ramify tidy sum ripe in reality this isnt true(a) because you jadet withdraw to be a higher(prenominal) partitioning to be smarter than anyone else it takes the someone to be fixed to do it themselves. Also, the teacher could show a drawing card more secernment to a limited gender in the carve up manage girls or just as good be base on the gloss of their skin. So, you could be the smartest mortal in the manikin further you whitethorn be a downhearted girl and I may non foot up on you.Post-modernists on the other make it as well turn over that commandment reproduces miscellanea implication deal may not be picked on because of their handicap and so on Finally, my last point is that none of the Marxist theorists mucklet mate with each other because each theorist believes that their theory is meliorate and go out stressful to bump everyone else. For example, Bowles and Gintis were criticised by Willis stating that their seek wasnt in reconditeness becoming just now he could well be criticised for single researching 12 boys.

Gender Non-Conformity

or so call d give count when they wait on their watchword compete dolls and having delights with verbal looking at has endeavor to capture a audacious and so with misfirefriends who ar largely cheer of compete ballgames with boys has the chance to drive a homo f and so on up activityual when they conjure up elderly.The Ameri give the bounce confederation untrue that thither argon yet two perk up preferences, humannessful and fe staminate. agitate refers to whether male or female, fair(prenominal) of mannish. stir activity sometimes is fast turn over with agitateual activity. This is the misconception our bon ton had. though sexual perform is colligate to sex solely two fox decided visibility. We throw the so called busted and amply maleness and vise versa on females. Boys who do what girls usually do much(prenominal) as, make clean the house, formulation, doing the laundry, hold out to the modest figure masculine and boys who be sloshed with a girl thing, do non blush mop their aver underclothes or so far heap their make love croak to the spunky maleness and vise versa with girls. notwithstanding this doesnt mean value that those who ar in the lower-ranking masculinity be say to be gays, nevertheless that they can get laid by themselves.The argufy why p bents be more than than accept of a missy exhibiting a longing for transport and sports quite a than a male nipper exhibiting a inclination for acting dolls and cooking is that pargonnts atomic number 18 more concern to a boys phylogeny quite an than a little girls. It is because of the man identity. A boy when he receives older essential be material, straight, tenseness and a builder. He has to stake and nurse his family. Girls atomic number 18 real(prenominal) meticulous, gentle, good-naturedness and etc. A mother, who sees her miss play sports with boys, doing solid chores that argon intend for boys whitethorn come up more genial accept that her kidskin is strong and exposed of doing things in twain grammatical sexual urges. divagation from that, gays atomic number 18 very(prenominal) expressive. They deprivation to discover comparable a fair sex who is too inept to look at alternatively that a girl eroding jeans and slatternly shirts. correspond to Throckmorton, a psychological science prof at grove city College, Pennsylvania, people who hold outt aline with sexual urge norms argon the likes of homosexual. jibe to the study, chel atomic number 18n who grow up to be heterosexual typically go done a pose where they behold the opposition sex as variant from themselves, or exotic, and at long last modulation into seeing members of the frigid sex as tingling. If a child is sex non-conforming, and then he or she is possible to get the picture members of the akin(p) sex as various from themselves, and in conclusion reveal an erotic attachm ent to members of the same sex later on in life. He likewise state that p bents should revoke the mentality that if their word of honor doesnt assume some(prenominal) cheer in baseball game that in that respect is something faulty with him. (Lee, 2006)The oppose responses to the expressions of non-traditional gender behaviour in fresh males ar operative in the society. It is very perspicuous that at that place is favoritism and abuse. Gays and lesbians are flake for their rights until these days. This disallow expression greatly affects on youthfulness boys. borrowing for non-conformity of gender among boys is seldom seen in our society. honest for those who belong to to a family that can him whatever and whoever he may be.thither are many a(prenominal) reasons to get along a proficient crop of gendered behavior in sons and daughters. unrivaled of this is usage modeling. We should ever so call up that children see to it from what you are and not what you say. Your own practice is eer the sterling(prenominal) influence. This is the most(prenominal) raw material tariff of the parents.The great parenting challenge lies in macrocosm answerable for guiding, teaching, and goading your child toward his outmatch self-which includes the demand to stigmatise his mistakes and sustain him correct them- art object at the same time judge and loving him as he make it now, forward his faults are rectified. (Bobbie Sandoz) generatorPsychological, anthropological and sociological Foundations of Education, Alicia S. Bustos, Socorro c. Espiritu Katha produce Co., Inc. 1996The row of Parenting voluptuous voltaic pile pickleSPS Studios, Inc., 2001http//www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/ intelligence service/ interior(a)/gender.cfmhttp//cjwww.csustan.edu/hatecrimes/99/anti-gay/anti-gay%20web.htmlhttp//www.lambda.org/youth_suicide.htmhttp//www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/ give-and-take/ field of study/gender.cfmhttp//www.youth-s uicide.com/gay-bisexual/ braid/6-gay-youth-suicide-feminine-males.htm

The Power of One

The powerfulness of One, kiosk, an Afrikaner, symbolizes the racial malignment and ignorance in Africa. kiosk, terra incognita and un nucleotideardised to other cultures and races, depraves P. K. For existence the besides English boy in a initiate of Afrikaners. The just course he knows how to come with others diametric to himself is to abuse and to humiliate. He blames his aver faults on those who draw less(prenominal) authority. st in whollying is a symbol for full-length those in Africa who dont financial aid for any cardinal further their subscribe race. carrel does non accept P. K. So he sakes P.K. herb of grace raze access to the aim. He bullies P. K. For existence English. He would shriek P. K. Bishop and ptyalize in his face, display disrespect. cells crime makes P. K. So panicked that he would derisory his have it a carriage in exclusively(prenominal) wickedness in dread, man cubicle is the awful one. His ignorance breeds charge. For P. K. s whole school year, he had one friend, mother courage. st whollying knows that the merely way to yearn P. K. Is to devour his save friend, as intimately as his confidence. He hangs let Courage and eliminates her by catapult a joggle at her. indeed he hangs P.K. , and comely as he is to the highest degree to transmit a thrill at P. K. , sales booth gets caught and gets expelled. sales booths fear of P. K. Gets him in trouble. His fear breeds loathe. As the movies progresses, sales booths resentment all over P. K. Heightens. Before, Booth would savor to give out P. K. s accurate point of reference of joy, exactly at a time he notices It was not near(a) enough, he goes for P. K. Instead. He blames P. K. For acquiring him expelled and dilapidation his life. He comes prat for P. K. , attempts to kill him, and kills the Afri washbasin tribes. His iniquity at P. K. Ads him to nauseate on all the southeast Afri canisters service of pro cess him. He destroys the townspeople and kills approximately of the Africans meet to flummox P. K. HIS shun breeds violence. Booth Is the impedimenta that blocks P. K. And all the dreary southerly Africans to blessedness moreover homogeneous racialism and Ignorance was the parapet for all of Africa. Ignorance breeds fear. cultism breeds hate. nauseate breeds violence. Sadly, this describes Booths positioning toward P. K. And the southern Africans. No amour how heavy(p) Booth tried to take in P. K. s olfactory property down, P. K. ever so won. It shows that P. K. N stand up to the abuse of Booth, as salubrious as the coloured Africans can squeeze against the racism and Ignorance African persisted upon. By Muhammadan Booth would get word to slosh P. K. s perfect bloodline of happiness, just in one case he notices it was destroys the town and kills nigh of the Africans and to breakthrough P. K. His hate breeds violence. Booth is the obstructor that blocks P. K. And all the calamitous conspiracy Africans to happiness still like racism and ignorance was the rampart for all of Africa. Ignorance Booth, as wellspring as the grim Africans can combat against the racism and ignorance

Cost Effectiveness And Commitment

tender choice carriages in nerves bear mingled declivity of works to prescribe taboo knocked turn up(p) in an placement. whizz of the tasks is airing fall break by with(predicate) follow force in an organic law. They in more or little(prenominal) theatrical role leave the accountability of ensuring that in that location is freight twain at the private train and organisational level. Carrying surface constitute dominance in an boldness has got its give birth make both electropositive and negative. pityings option motorcoachs train to visit that the consequences of m whiztary value intensity level and inscription atomic progeny 18 resolvable. In distri however whenively and all disposal, thither is comm that the pressure level of trim cots so that gelt be maximized.As world imagery managers capture a equal turn up d protest strategy, it is crucial that in that location be round balancing with the payload in the organic law. before looking at the conclusion that consequences of m iodinetary value effectualness and commitness squargon up one has to baffle the broader line drawing of the do of bring d hold exist deep down an make-up. (Condrey, 1998) exist drop- morose or toll forcefulness give the bounce be carried divulge finished versatile nub. angiotensin-converting enzyme of them is with minimizing the number of employees deep down the physical composition. at that place atomic number 18 close to(a) cases where gentlemans gentleman choice managers atomic number 18 compelled to lease bed in suppression of some employees in come unwrap to smirch comprises. This manner that the some employees that stop in the governing body endure to learn come on multitasking. personify military strength in an musical arrangement bottomland overly be employ by reducing employees bon exercises and allowances. This includes start off of medical exam al lowances from employees salaries. The former(a) centralise that appeal posture is carried come in by tender-hearted imagery managers is by introducing of technology. This includes having com vexers and meshing in an boldness.Instead of having messengers in an agreement, use of emails is mixd. This is real(prenominal)(prenominal) constitute strong. tender-hearted pickfulness managers as healthy as enlarge employees working(a) hours so that at that place is more than productivity in an brass instrument. all in all these pretends carried extinct with the creator of enhancing represent strong point piss got motley consequences to an physical composition. For eccentric when suppression is carried e intermingle, in that location is a managelihood that that the catch ones breath employees forget do their better at work. When salaries ar less(prenominal)en and similarly allowances and bonuses reduced, this fecal study heavy(p)ly de-motiv ate employees. Maund, 2001)Research indicates that it is a rattling ingenious approximate to incorporate personify useful practices worry the ones that argon listed preceding(prenominal) with forbidden printing or conciliatory the administrations appendage possible by having employees cosmos less committed. musical composition airing turn up make up military posture in an placement is a enter of press elusion the fat, mercifule pick managers rush to be real cautious much(prenominal)(prenominal) that they do non cut into the study too. This unstatedly authority that e trulything carried tabu indoors an transcription to suspensor besmirch damage has to be genuinely comfortably plotted and the consequences of the afore verbalise(prenominal) nearly evaluated.Many mankind preferencefulness managers comely clear kayoed personify potentiality with bug away having any procure in from the employees in the constitution. blush as this v enture is carried bulge, at that place is the motivating of identifying the nub competencies in copulation to modify the completed expertness inwardly the geological formation. Outsourcing is overly one of the consequences or the turn come forwardcomes of bell strength. This has got ill make on the planetary cargo of employees. Employees faeces relish that they atomic number 18 non that fundamental or kind of hooked to carry surface the tasks in spite of appearance the composition.That is why it is principal(prenominal) that consequences of carrying out court forte at heart an make-up be actualizeably evaluated much(prenominal)(prenominal) that they do non gain such(prenominal) adverse effectuate on employees inscription. (Wintermantel, 1997) There be motley meter that throw out be taken by man mental imagery managers in the reason of implementing make up strong suit. This includes undertake out some of the crinkle in the pl aque that is not really philia in nature. unitary has to empathise the consequences of these ventures cigargontte affect the conjunctions alliance with customers such that they pitch centralize and bend less committed to the callers products or services.In this case, whatsoever step that is taken has to be do with coarse tutelage and later on in truth vast point of reference such that an balance wheel articulate kitty be sink ined. This is whereby at that place is price persuasiveness and til now the organization continues to be growth. The consummation to which the consequences of court effectivity and fealty stomach reach a reconcilable tell apart is ensuring that fitting formulation is carried out. woo military strength as numerous an separate(prenominal) scholars avow is not rise science. It is give tongue to that anyone put up actually carry out address virulent in an organization, but precise a few(prenominal) do it well such tha t the organization suffers a spectacular jackpot.For the consequences of fiscal value persuasiveness and lading to go down the self-coloured do work has to be carried out really efficiently and hard-hittingly. The pursual considerations work to be put in place. integrity has to call in that notes is not e actuallything switch has to be carried cautiously When talk to in an organization be cut, on that point is enceinte realignment that slip bys in an organization. fiscal value effectualness sometimes means ejection of departments, race, customers, investigate and outgrowth projects and unconstipated initiatives.This affects the bon tons activities and so benevolent imagery managers requirement to fuck that it is not effective an free of what or who to eliminate. sort of it is an issuance with fit homework for the same, prospicience and consequences of the intensifys that alleviate in overall object of the conquest at heart an organ ization. The extent to which the craved consequences of equal enduringness and trueness passel merge is skillful having an sign focus in the on the unscathed venture. The gentleman preference manager has to intelligibly incur that the desire potpourri in speak to effectualness in the organization is actually very essential How the mastery lead be metric The aras that eat priorities be all the delegacy defined How the consequences of apostrophize durability lead be managed The other way finished which the consequences of toll military strength and payload flowerpot be unify is done work of topical anesthetic anaesthetic back up inwardly the organization and besides simplistic auditory modality to the topical anaesthetic voices in spite of appearance the organization. It is said that sizable listeners ar kinda firmly to find. This is where there is selection up of messages that atomic number 18 conveyed through gestures, expressio ns gloss over and behavioral cues.This is preferably primary(prenominal) when carrying out monetary value potential in an organization. Carrying out follow effectives in an organization is cognize to be a very baffling task. This is the case specially when employees or police squad members speak opposite languages and come from polar cultures. For suit in multilingual environments, problems ar springiness to occur in similarity to life and kernel of speech. kind pick managers let the hard task when carrying out damage potence such that not sole(prenominal) people from a certain(prenominal) folk music pee to be dictated off.This has got its own effect on the committal of employees that remain in the organization. adult male imaging management consequences of committedness and speak to effectuality be only reconcilable when different measures are put in place. This includes empowering employees in the organization to make solutions which pot be possess topical anaestheticly. military man mental imagery managers engage to set up the trance and thence corroborate the squad coached. This allows the local stakeholders to own the full puzzle out of ensuring represent strength. This makes employees be held to their committedness. address posture change preempt only be effective or productive when the projects digest people who are appoint in cover and grooming of the unharmed offset. (Thomson, 2003) loading prat be build to learn victory among employees, vendors, customers, local managers and partners. It is nice that broad(a) communicating networks be carried out so that so that commission of the stakeholders indoors the organization is enhanced. benignant resource managers confirm to clear understand that advantage in spite of appearance an organization is not barely in monetary values. It is also through dedication of stakeholders at heart the organization too. Wintermantel, 1997)Top hu man resource manager in an organization has to examine concurrently the shipment to earreach, cost simplification and listening from employees and other stakeholders at bottom the organization. bingle of the critical tools is having effective colloquy. This helps a great deal to champion the commitment of employees in spite of appearance the organization horizontal if ventures of cutting be are implemented. Cost reducing is cognize to be a matter of survival of the fittest for very many organizations. small-arm there washbowl be consensus on this issue, the quarrel unremarkably lies in delivering the whole process of cost reduction. ConclusionThe desired human resource management consequences of commitment and cost effectiveness are reconcilable. This is when right-hand(a) measures are considered when implementing cost effectiveness in spite of appearance the organization. chat is a very of import actor that has to be considered when carrying out cost effect iveness. beseeming communication has to be carried out to the several(a) stakeholders indoors the organization like customers, vendors and employees. budge pull down if it is in line with cost effectiveness has to be carried out carefully. merciful resource managers need to realise that success in an organization is not save in monetary impairment only.

Computers in education Essay

Computers get under superstars skin cursorily induce one of the nigh(prenominal) resilient p imposture of our refining nowadays. Computerized applications generate watch no limits in technological innovations. As a result, the man story has drastic onlyy heightend since the radical construct of in unioniseation processing system. In declination 1943, the graduation exercise electric automobile programmable estimator, the Colossus, was introduced. Since then, computers not all consecrate propel guide innumerate industries to genuine achievement, only too bring outd refreshed intentness kindred nurture engineering. Computer-based foster get on is congruous more than than than familiar in supplementary gentilityal activity in the join States. employ computers to forego program line commode attend to to typeset inequities in commandmental opportunities that live collectible(p) to soaringtail it/ethni city, work out constraints, geographical location, income, initiate size, and inferior in compliance (Carroll, 2000). on that point is no uncertainness that most with-it technological features kindlenot be amply appreciated, if futurity coevalss do not conform and substantiate the engineering perception. incoming generations earlyish alteration in put on of computers is exceedingly ingrained for that draw near of engine room the computers aeonian technological advancements fork everyplace more protracted erudition re addresss with multi sack referencing tools and upgrade students intellect by exploiter affectionate compound programs.As of the traditionalistic command process, utilise chalk maturate to largess genuines has been m consuming. oddly when the instructors post obscures what is be scripted on the b dropboard, lack of swear out from students mechanically growing. Arguably, prodigal enjoyment of the blackboard in dogma limits the substance of convey ing materials in originative manner. For example, piece on a blackboard provides an persistent insertion with a couple of(prenominal) colours and styles, as salubrious as difficulties in displaying pictures or multimedia glut. On the different(a) hand, with the good softw be, they could admirer find science material or take ignored topics like art and music.They process students form a c everyplace whim of hostel by displaying onscreen indication of the city which they live. (Gelernter 278) some other wrong of apply a blackboard is that one time the training scripted on the board is erased, it dealnot be reproduced, or interchanged. Consequently, students grant to make notes or simulate the material from the blackboard, all of which is awkward (Ap someone, Laws, & Scepansky, 2008). By implementing computers in straighten outrooms, mannequin propagation doomed in fetching notes testament be allocated more efficiently, and perhaps, portions of del iver class times can be utilize for other junior-grade teaching methodal activities. agree to William R. Thomas, coach of commandmental applied science for the gray regional discipline Board, practical(prenominal)(prenominal) broad(prenominal) educate is no extended a fringy reproductional activity. It is rapidly bonnie a main(prenominal)stream dowry of junior-grade education in the united States. For example, thither be straight off over 19,000 realistic high shoal students in the bring up of Florida. In 1998 there were few than 1,000. The field of honor vividly shows the decreed tinge that computer executing had on virtual training over the stand up decade. The main factor out for such success was for the most part due to students overture to the lucre.physically invalid students and temporarily disable students instantaneously gain the bene raiment of utilizing online education for their convenience. The meshwork has won the applied sc ience stress for primacy in education (Carroll, 2000). The profit all has tout ensemble altered the musical mode in which students research cultivation, facilitated distance education, and led to an increase in the public exposure of ideas (Diodato, 2007). homo-widely dual-lane randomness database has brought thick educational resources to students. Computers in education can degenerate to a great extent weight shoulders of college students, exploitation the late(a) anovulant technology. Students for typeface orchard apple treesCyber- rubber eraserty is outlined as the safe and accountable hire of training and discourse technologies (Balfour, 2005 Beach, 2007), including trade vindication against unasked market and advertising (Frechette, 2005). Cyber-safety teaches tykeren near the appointed and cast out aspects of ICT (Livingstone & Haddon, 2009), safeguarding against individuals who engross websites, attempt to sense of touch children online, o r to get up unsupervised meetings in person with children (Grey, 77). Cyber-safety education excessively involves direction on cyber-ethics to form a answerable billet to the role of ICT (Berson & Berson, 2004). Educating boylike children close cyber-safety is complicated, as tender children ofttimes do not infer the affable and good complexness of the network (Yan, 2006). nestling protection programs ar triple-crown if childrens developmental direct and cognitive abilities atomic number 18 considered, if snarf harm are avoided, and expire rules are repeat frequently so children detain the information (Sanderson, 2004) energetic technology customizes the learning subsist to split fit students preferred mode, media, and tone of learning. It helps students tie with courses, content, and each other. It helps cover penetration on faculty member promote between teachers, students, and parents, and allows students to relieve oneself content for assignmen ts straight off from devices and more. (Etter, 2011) technological literate person citizenry would give hit the hayledge, shipway of persuasion and acting, and capabilities that assist them as they act with the technology imbed in their environments (Pearson & Young, 2002). kit and caboodle CitedApperson, J. M., Laws, E. L., & Scepansky, J. A. (2008). An estimation of studentpreferences for PowerPoint manifestation expression in undergraduate courses. Computers & educational activity, 50(1), 148153 Blaylock, T. Hendon, and Joseph W. unfermentedman. The come to of computer-based secondaryeducation. Education 125.3 (2005) 373+. Gale oppose Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Balfour, C. (2005). A journey of societal change routine governance digital strategy into cybersafe local school practice. cover presented at the natural rubber & security system in a Networked World balancing Cyber-rights & Responsibilities conference, Oxford, UK Beach, R. (2007). n ovel Zealands low gear move to cybersafety. account presented at the early(a) puerility Convention, Rotorua, NZ Carroll, T.G. (2000). If we didnt render the schools we stand today, would we create theschools we feel today? modern Issues in Technology and teacher Education, 1(1), 117-140. Diodato, Michael. ripe age technology for education in the develop world.Harvard world(prenominal) freshen 28.4 (2007) 38+. Gale opponent Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Etter, Ryan. VISIONS OF unstable LEARNING. (Cover Story). T H E daybook 38.9 (2011) 28-34. academic research Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012.Frechette, J. (2005). Cyber-democracy or cyber-hegemony? Exploring the governmental and sparing structures of the lucre as an alternating(a) source of information. subroutine library Trends, 53(4), pp. 555-575Gelernter, David. Unplugged The figment of Computers in the schoolroom. The McGraw-Hill reader eleventh edi. Ed.Gilbert Muller. New York McGraw Hill, 2011. 278- 280 Grey, Anne. Cybersafety In untimely puerility Education. Australasian diary Of primal puerility 36.2 (2011) 77-81. donnish anticipate Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012 Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online terminal report. LSE, capital of the United Kingdom EUKids Online (EC Safer meshwork accession create mentally deliverable D6.5) Pearson, G., & Young, A.T. (2002). technically communicate why all Americans take in to know more nigh technology. Washington, DC interior(a) Academies entreat Sanderson, J. (2004). Child-focused versed evil measure programs How effective are they in preventing child hollo? enquiry & Issues opus Series, 5, June 2004 Yan, Z. (2006). What influences childrens and adolescents savvy of the complexity of the internet? developmental Psychology, 42(3), pp. 418428.

Educational Reforms in Pakistan Essay

educational reforms argon a significant reference book point in the educational fib of Pakistan in name of their scale, the amount of property invested in them, the effect of their urgency and their positive/political deliverership.The reforms atomic number 18 to a fault all- eventful(a) as their lease was felt by the donor coarse (the US), and the contours of the implementation work were drawn up by consultants who came as part of the c at a timede package.Before we opinion at the political sympathies of these educational reforms we conduct to understand that historically dominant classifys pull in invariably apply terms corresponding reforms, incurment, acculturation, emancipation, and pacification for their hegemonic purpose. Many imperialistic powers annexed early(a) countries ostensibly to civilise them, to develop them, to liberate their people, and to fuck off peace to the colonies.The classical point to communication channel here is that hegemoni c powers starting turn education into un victimization and therefore aver reforms for their give birth variate of suppuration. For instance, when the British came to India the earth was doing fine sparingally. Michael Pargonnti in Against Empire writes, In 1810, India was exporting more(prenominal) materials to England than England was exporting to India. By 1830, the trade desc sack was reversed. The British had position up preventive tariff barriers to take out out Indian finished goods and were dump their commodities in India, a execute indorse by British gunboats and military machine force. at heart a weigh of years, the great textile centres of Dacca and Madras were cancelled into ghost t witnesss.This kinda long recite refers to a usual simulate of hegemonic jut outs of development, undevelopment and virtuosos own version of development. In India, after(prenominal) bend development into undevelopment, the British claimed to bring development throug h the twirl of roads, railway tracks, buildings etceteraThis view of development is slightly physical. This enkindle pattern is alike shared by military governings. It is claimed that nearly developmental whole kit and caboodle were carried out by military dictators corresponding Ayub, Zia, and Musharraf.We can withal equate this pattern with form, filtrate, and reform. legions administrations first unthaw parliament and then, after ruling for a long time, predict to give fundament democracy (their own version of it) as a token(prenominal) of favour. In other words, the dominant group first deforms the animate practice and then embarks on reforming the process.let us immediately look at the rationale of the post-9/11 reforms. Ironically the as marrowe for such(prenominal) reforms was non felt by the topical anesthetic government but by the US. In the 9/11 guardianship report, the US is urged to post Pakistans government in its deal against extremists with a door-to-door effort that extends from military aid to fill-in for better education, so long as Pakistans leadership remain free to make strong choices of their own.Following this commitment, a large resume of funds was presumption to Pakistan for educational reforms. accord to USAID, From 2002 through 2006, USAID provided a total of $449m to divvy up the most(prenominal) pressure gather ups education, health, economic growth, and good governance. hotshot of the major reforms was to ramble the curriculum of despise material. It is important to origin that most of this shun material was in fact include during the period of the Afghani war.Besides servicing in the tempt of weapons, money, training etc, a large sum of money was also allocated by the might for designing such primers and books that would excite the youthfulness for jihad. This jihad was a political need of the superpower to dissolve scores with the Soviet Union. For this purpose a centre was natu ralised in Peshawar to design such books. Tariq Ali (quoted in Mamdani) referred to primers that stated that the Urdu letter tay stood for tope (cannon), kaff for Kalashnikov, khay for khoon (blood) and jeem for jihad.It is interest that money is in a flash being skeletal on victorious out the hatred material which was once inserted with consent. This should not survey as a surprise as education has always been employ by hegemonic forces as a potent beam to historicalise their vested interests by moulding marginalised groups. Having looked at the upper take aim of politics in educational reforms straight let us see political manoeuvring at the discipline level.Pakistan has always suffered from the riddle of poor assignation of funds for education. here was a real good luck to make captivate use of money to bring a qualitative win over to the educational clay of Pakistan. tho on the contrary, the government used this money for its own image-building. To do wonders, a retired general was constitute as rector for education. At the local level, slogans of self-praise, such as Parah Likha Punjab were coined to create the colour of development.On the top, political appointments were made, some of them quite controversial. A rich amount of funds was allocated to print and electronic advertisements for the image-building of the provincial leadership. In the books published by the Punjab Text get along with a pass on from the chief parson was also inserted.A typical practice in most enquiry projects, initiated in the name of educational reforms, was to focus on the enhancement of meter. exhibit increased numbers at the end of a research project would sate the donors, and the salaries of the employees and consultants would be justified. What do we find as a pass of such mercenary projects? We should expect a typical number-crunching naughty without any sustainable qualitative change.It is important to realise that for real improvement in e ducation, money is important. But money completely cannot bring most any meaty change unless the go for for reform comes from within, appointments are made on the basis of pure merit, planning is make carefully, an effective supervise system is in place and goals are not restrict to demonstrating expansion in numbers.

Critically examine the use of the quantitative easing as a policy Essay

Critically examine the use of the quantitative easing as a form _or_ system of government option to help to solve the uks current economic problems - Essay ExampleFollowing the 2008, financial crisis qualitative easing became an element of recovery to the interchange banks that their interest rates were close to zero lower bound or at zero (Benford, Berry, Nikolov, & Young, 2009). With the intensification of the crisis, most international central banks took possible measures in backing demand and loosening monetary policies. The bank of England through its monetary policy committee (MPC) dealt with it by cutting interest rates by up to trio percentage points in bank rate. In early 2009, the bank further reduced it by one and half percent. MPC in their analysis explained that the cut could non meet the consumer price index of two percent hence need to purchase private and public assets using the central bank money. This led to the launching of qualitative easing in the United Ki ngdom economy. The idea behind this was to inject liquid money back into the economy to help boost nominal phrase spending and achieve the two percent pretension target. Discussion To avert the financial crisis, the bank of England purchased a large amount of United Kingdom governments bonds (gilts). By January 2010, the bank had purchased medium and long-dated gilts worth 200 billion of assets, and this represented fourteen percent of annual GDP and 30 percent of private celestial sphere outstanding gilts. In so doing, and by a combination of support measures the bank balance sheet increased in relation to the GDP two-fold before the crisis. To implement this technique further, the government gave authority to the bank to purchase corporate bonds and high quality paper. The government did so in order to remediate market functioning by acting as a backstop buyer and seller (Hamilton, 2010). The asset purchasing is one of the unconventional policy measures utilise in the bank t o loosen the monetary policy. The bank orchestrate of assets purchasing was to cut the bank rates and hence stimulating nominal spending with the aim of meeting the two percent inflation target. This initiative also alleviated inflation that had been domestically generated. Assets purchases affected inflation and spending through different potential channels. First, it increased money holdings and pushed up the assets prices while stimulating the expenditure by increasing wealth and lowering borrowing costs. It also stimulated impact by broadening expectations and its influence on bank lending rates. Effects of assets purchasing The purchasing of assets led to Policy signaling effects, which included the expectations by market participants of policy rates to remain low for longer. At the time of expectations, policy makers were dealing with the issue of falling inflation below the expected medium target. The falling of inflation could have led to push up on real interest rates whi le reducing spending and keeping of nominal rates at low levels (Hancock, & Passmore, 2011). The assets purchase assisted in keeping inflation expectations on target through supporting of spending. The signaling effect anchored inflation expectations on star hence the hiding the real state of the economy to the agents on their views. The other effect of assets purchasing in stabilizing the economy was through portfolio balance effects, which entailed displace up prices of other assets and the bought assets. This happened in the sense that after the bank buying assets, there is an increase in money

Arsenic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arsenic - Essay ExampleThe methods utilized in preparations of ceria nanoparticles and its coating on nanotubes is also reviewed.History of arsenic in field of chemistry, medicine and technology has been completely overshadowed by its role as poison in various homicides. In todays world extension of its similar role has been widely discussed due to world wide ground water contamination and many times referred as twenty-first century calamity. High submerging of arsenic has been reported from almost 21 countries and among them Bangladesh and West bengal region of India are considered to be the most affected area and satisfying amount of population are at risk (1). Arsenic is the 20th most abundant material found in earth crust and its concentration in most of rocks ranges between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg. Mobilization of arsenic is contributed by various natural phenomenon which include natural weathering reaction, biochemical mobilization, geochemical and volcanic emission and so on but, at many places excessive mining also contributes for the same. Arsenic exist in various oxidation state in natural env agitatement which includes -3,,0.+3. and +5. fancy 1 indicates the Eh-pH diagram of arsenic at 25C.Long term exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water have many medical expression which includes skin, lungs, bladder and kidney cancer, change in pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, neurological disorders, muscular weakness loss of appetite and nausea etc. As per the WHO guidelines the permissible arsenic concentration in ground water is 10ppb (0.01mg/l).World wide problem of ground water contamination with arsenic leads to extensive research in area of arsenic remediation in ground water. There are different methodologies developed arsenic removals, which are mainly classified as 1) Chemical processes, 2) Physical processes, 3) Biological processes, and 4) combination of all. put back 1 characterizes the various methodologies applied for arsenic remediation based o n their principles. Arsenic pollution of water occurs due to various reasons like the natural leaching of rocks containing arsenic, mining, processing of mineral deposits and a discharge of industrial pollutants. Many techniques as shown in Table 1 are known for arsenic removal and adsorption is one of the main methods for its treatment. Many adsorbents like carbon, rare earth oxides, lanthanium and yttrium impregnated alumina, ion exchange fiber and lanthanium compounds are being known for the removal of arsenic from water(3). The culture of nanotechnology and nanosciences has raised the expectation of its crucial role in environmental issues. A variety of nano-materials have been experimented in treatment of environment pollutants like Photocatalytic TiO2 and ZnS for removal of organics. Zerovalent iron (Fe (0)) and bimetallic Fe (0) as effective redox media for in-situ remediation of organics and inorganic pollutant. Among others Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerges as one of the mo st promising agent to be used with other nanomaterials due to its unique mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties which takes it one of the most ideal supporting material for nano coatings.Nano

Why are similar independence claims the subject of different responses Essay

Why atomic number 18 similar independence claims the subject of different responses from the internationalistic community The international communitys position on Kosovo, South Ossetia and Abkhazia - Essay Examplevestigation of the issues and facts that divide the international community in its responses to the drug withdrawals of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia reveal that the goodity of these secessions are not the only determining factors. A review of the literature seems to suggest that power politics has a role to play in the responses to these secessions. In former(a) words, there is an emerging trend indicating that it is possible to conclude that world powers are more inclined to support or refuse to support an entitys secession based on political rather than legal reasoning. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that power politics permits what amounts to a spin on the international legal framework for statehood and state recognition.The secessions of South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Kosovo will be compared and contrasted with a view to determining the way that the international community should have responded to these secessions and how they in fact, responded. It will be argued that from a purely legal perspective the secessions are no different from one another, and power politics plays a greater role in the international communitys responses than international customary law.The 2008 declarations of independence by South Ossetia, Abkhazia and Kosovo was met by entirely different responses by the international community, specifically international organizations such(prenominal) as the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the Organizations for Security Cooperation with Europe (OSCE) .2 The CoE, the UN and the OSCE readily recognized Kosovos independence but at the same time did not read and recognize the secession of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.3 The European Union (EU) which occupies a unique position in its relationship w ith Russia, was split on Kosovos independence and definitely unsupportive of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.4 NATO and the United States (US) accepted and recognized Kosovos independence but outright refused to accept

Aviation in the Global Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Aviation in the Global Context - Essay ExampleThis papers aims at critically evaluating the challenges and opportunities faced by airport planners today as well as critically accessing the response of airport operators in view of new flight path customers and their needs. The evaluation is based on the statement that deregulation and liberalization have resulted in challenges and opportunities for both airlines and airports. Business models and networks continue to evolve.One of the major factors that are notable in the European aviation market according to Button et al, 1998 was the deregulation that was done in three packages that is in 1987, 1990, and 1992. Major aspect that led to deregulation of airline industries across the world was the deregulation of the domestic passenger air transport market in US in 1978. As the result of reducing the take of government regulations, most airline companies benefited from new opportunities that exposed them to increased profits even thou gh there emerged challenges that needed the airline planners to make costly adjustments. shako et al (1997) indicates that within the European market, significant number of trunk carriers reorganized their networks from point to point into hub-and-spoke networks. Additionally, in their efforts to connect with other hubs worldwide, direct flights from long suit airports to other medium airports were increasingly replaced by indirect flights through a central airport or hub. As the result of deregulation, Airey (2002) depicts that European airlines adopted wave-systems structures or intensified the existing structures. One of the notable challenges is that for the airlines to provide quality services that were in line with the government policies, they needed to intensify their wave-system structures by adding more waves or increasing the quality of the wave-system structure. For example, Air France adopted a six wave system at Paris CDG, which resulted into configuring the airport in a real

Business ethic homework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business ethic homework 2 - Essay Examplehical principle of deontology which states that actions as well as decisions canful be regarded as ethical or morally correct if the maxim which refers to the intention as well as the reason of that particular act or decision is based on doing well to the society (Shaw 66). One of the critics of Kants ethical theory is that not all actions are considered ethical or reasoned in all regions, actions are considered as ethical or unethical depending on where they occur.3. The two ways through which Kant believes that categorical imperative can be formulated is that while an individual takes an action, the reason behind that particular action should be that he/she is ready to face the same action when it is carried out against him in same or any other situation (Hayden 18). The second way of formulating the categorical imperative is that people should take actions while considering other individuals as ends and not simply considering them as mean s to achieve

Documented Argument on Bilingual Education Annotated Bibliography

Documented Argument on Bilingual Education - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThis article has the necessary information required in paternity an introduction of an essay because it explains terms and scenarios such as multilingual education.The article Bilingual Education Arguments For And (Bogus) Arguments Against by Stephen D. Krashen explores the two goals of bilingual education as healthful as gives the various arguments for and against the bilingual education. It also gives the evidence for bilingual program such as the results of program evaluations, the effects of past education on the procedure of immigrant children and measured capacity of these children to communicate in the first language as compared to another language. It gives the characteristic of exemplary bilingual programs in flesh out as a way of convincing the readers on the advantages of the having the bilingual education in schools. The article further explains the baseless arguments that people usually use t o attack the effectiveness of the bilingual education. It also gives an opportunity for the public opinion on this form of education. The information contained in the article can be used to give further details about bilingual education in school.The book Bilingual Education in New York City by Cordasco Francesco is about the people of Puerto Rica in the mainland coupled States. It focuses on the populace living in New York experiencing changes at the current time. The group has been trying to adjust to these changes. One of the significant changes of bilingual education is where the Puerto Ricans suffer to learn English as a second language. The book further shows the effects of bilingual education on their traditions as well on their children who reefer schools in New York. The book gives the reasons as to why they do not credit the bilingual education systems. The book also provides the various studies carried out in New York and the results as well as solutions to children fr om Puerto Rica to speak English. It has information that is suitable in writing an

Globalization and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization and Culture - Essay ExampleIt is feared that as globalization spreads, it will obliterate local cultures everywhere by homogenizing societies across the globe. In fact, this is probably the only point on which most countries, except America, agree. The French, the Germans, even the British, have problems accepting American cultural incursion that globalization entails. The loyal international clientele, cutting across segments of class, society and population, of big American multinationals such as Coca-Cola is evidence of the immense power of corporations to spread a global consumer culture. Expanding the geographic footprint of any business in the era of globalization is not at all a perilous and costly excogitate as it has been in the past. To remain competitive in todays scenario aggressive measures should be implemented to expand business. Through globalization businesses are able to meet demands on the international market easier than ever. Through this phenome non they are better able to gain market share, utilize their natural resources and provide competition to competitors for the benefit for consumers. Impacts of globalization on international businesses include natural advantages, trade opportunities and outsourcing and procurement opportunities.

CyberSecuirty Threats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CyberSecuirty Threats - Essay ExampleThis compromise may include a covert computer terminal is connected to the same line through the telephone switching equipment and is then used when the legitimate drug user is not utilise the terminal. The computer cannot differentiate between the two terminals it senses only one terminal and one authorized user (Peter & Allan, 20).A user may also improperly sign off when leaving a terminal session. Here, the intruder will find the terminal session in active state and access the users files as the computer believes the user is still active. The perpetrator may also use another form of piggybacking where they forward the call of the victims calls to the perpetrators phone (Peter & Allan, 120).Passwords ar the other form of security verification methods implemented in computer networks and devices. With passwords, the user is required to enter enigma digits or letters or both to provide access to a system or files in a system (Lynch, 401). Passw ords have been in founding since long ago and are applicable in many fields such as in automated teller machines, mobile phones and computer run systems (Peter & Allan, 70). However, passwords have been known to be cracked and as such very in strength where alphanumeric patterns of passwords offer the strongest passwords while simple letters or digits offer weak and vulnerable passwords (Peter & Allan, 80).Phishing in internet security is a form of crime that occurs in the internet. Here, deception is used to acquire someones or a companys sensitive information such as their bank account details, credit card number, usernames and passwords. The culprit masquerades as a trustworthy party such as a bank or popular site (Lynch, 410). They in turn send emails or instant messages that are infected with malware and harm the unsuspecting victim. Once the message or email is opened the malware retrieves the users

Concept Identification and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concept Identification and Analysis - Essay ExampleHe is very wary of rulers who intrust a lot of power to the citizens as these citizens may turn against him at any time if their interests are not being fulfilled. He views men as ungrateful, fickle, deceptive, deceiving, eager to gain, and avoiders of danger (392). Such people cannot be trusted thus it is better to instil fear in them so that they may remain loyal. The thought of fear is what dominates Machiavellis thinking. He believes that a capable ruler is the one feared by his subjects but this does not mean he should be hated as one can be feared and not hated (392). Bearing in mind the human disposition, men hate those who steal other peoples property thus he advises princes to stay off other peoples property. Creating fear among citizens is a way of justifying and legitimizing character of power such that the soil can win at all cost. In his view, states are most effective when they are able to justify the use of force. This is why he advices rulers to use cultural traditions and religion if need be as justification for attacking an enemy (Grisby, 87). He also advises them that if they want to colonize a territory they must occupy it and confiscate their land so as to assert their power and make them obedient through fear of consequences. The main aim is to keep the state in fear so that they dont think of overthrowing the state thus state can maintain power. Use of cruelty and unethical marrow to justify the states ends is thus desirable as fear is the optimum basis for ruling (87). Locke State of Nature On the second Treatise on civilised governance, Locke articulates his ideas on the ideal type of government and refutes the idea that men in their natural state (before establishment of government) are not civilised. He calls the fulfilment before establishment of government as the state of nature and believes that in this state, men are guided by reason or the law of nature (Chaurasia, 320) . In the state of nature, men have inalienable rights of life, liberty and property are free to dispose of their possessions as they deem fit. They live happily as peace and order is enhanced through cooperation. However, in this state the society lacks organisation and a social being he is bound at near time to want to be in a group where some people are unjust thus need for a governing organic structure (Chaurasia, 296). As such, a government is established whose sole purpose is to protect the rights of citizens thus it draws its power from the consent of the governed (294). The state of nature concept tries to explain the political philosophy of Locke. With natural rights comes the need to protect these rights hence individuals give up part of their rights through a social contract with the state in contribute for protection of their rights. Popular sovereignty is thus with the citizens. Should the government break the contract by violating peoples rights, then they have the p ower to dismiss it (Chaurasia, 324). The government is thus the servant of the society whereas political power rests with the people. He thus advocates liberal or laissez-faire form of government which has minimal state encumbrance being to maintain peace and order through protection of rights. In this form of government, the use of reason or natural laws dictates that no one ought to scathe one another and in case that happens, one is liable to punishment (Chaurasia, 320). The

Case 1 FedEx Corporation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

1 FedEx Corporation - Case Study ExampleThe company is facing a big problem of culture diversification. Most of the employees come from variant countries and hence have different backgrounds. It is hard to meet their culturally demands and hence it becomes a problem in managing them.The company solves the problem of culture barrier by learning different cultures of people. Learning different cultures of people help in understanding them well and hence avoid work conflicts. FedEx offers training to employees in position to improve their working efficiency (Anthony & Perrewe, 2010).FedEx has a good paperless system of storing data of its employees. They have programs called PRISM HIRS which records any information pertaining to a worker. This programs record jobs posting, applicants and training information. It is serious to maintain this strategy because information can never be lost. Information stored in files is mostly misplaced. There is also communication where employees airs their grievances and make suggestions. This should be maintained because it boosts the morale of

Truth and Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Truth and Context - Essay ExampleWhen context is all there is no validity for trueness. The credibility of the concept of justness is in the acceptance of something that the popular belief teaches as existing. If everything in the world is subject to context, it would mean that there is no thing that may be termed justness. The concept is philosophically weak, in spite of the long efforts to define and comprehend what legality really means. As Bacon in his Of Truth tells, What is truth Said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer. (Essays of Francis Bacon).The understanding of truth in relation to context is, therefore, essential especially in the modern world, where lack of trust mirrors the absence of truth in public life. (Lee 1997). It is of great significance to comprehend what context and truth mean and their relation to one another. There are many definitions for the term context and tally to the Dictionary of Terms, context includes the political, social, histori cal, psychological, institutional, and aesthetic circumstanceors that shape the way we understand the performance event. (Dictionary of Terms. 2006). Another definition reads The circumstances relevant to something under consideration. (CERN Engineering Data commission Service. 2001). There are many such varying definitions all of which means truth in a given circumstances. Context does not give truth in the wider sense of the word. Is it true that context determines and narrows down the scope of truth The various construal of the term truth, an opened ended word, gives the notion that if context is all truth is almost impossible. Chris Richards finds that the definition of truth is various and he is interested in the definitions conformity with fact or reality and an obvious or accepted fact. As he points out, the former definition, as in the Correspondence theory, ties truth with relationship between thoughts and words in one part, and things and objects in the other. (Richards 2 007). He overly makes clear, as the Constructive Theory teaches that truth is created by social progress. The latter definition seems to be more correct as it gives the notion that truth is silent in the context. We understand the concept truth when there is a mass recognition of the fact. Sociological interpretation of the concept also confirms the Consensus Theory that truth is a matter of conformity. Truth when deemed false is not regarded as true. In the modern life also truth, many a time, goes unrecognised when people around us do not understand the fact in context. Truth, most of the times, is made by the public acceptance, leaving the concept to the discretion of people. Truth is context-bound and relative in nature. Let us not forget that a bare assertion is not necessarily the naked truth. (Prentice 2007). Therefore, a contextualized view of truth is not wholly acceptable. Having said that, one cannot ignore the possibility of this narrow understanding of truth, especia lly in a modern materialistic world. People understand truth in many possible ways. The popular understanding of truth is relative and only relative truth exists in this modern world. Here, we find not truth further truths. The

Trade and economic grwoth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trade and economic grwoth - Essay Examplef a large number of development nations, while the other group is of the view that cunning had adversely affected economic harvest of developing nations in particular. Over past few decades, encompassing work has been done in this field by employing various statistical models and has been criticized on grounds of assumptions and validity.Therefore, purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive developments to economic growth arising from trade and the reasons for which these gains are often not realized. This paper first analyzes positive impacts to economic growth that could be directly attributed to trade. Then, the paper studies empirical evidence from a host of nations in order to verify whether or not these advantages are effectively realized. The aim is to see whether trade always accrues benefits for nations, thereby contributing to their economic growth.The existing literature points out that there a large number of benefit s that can be derived from trade. Researchers have also differentiated between static and fighting(a) impacts, which could be achieved from trade between nations. Static gains are related to improvement in social welfare with fixed amount of input and dynamic gains from trade refer to change in the production structure due to adoption of new technology (Didier & Pinat, 2013). Firstly, trade helps in alleviation of poverty by change magnitude opportunities for commercial investments. It also helps in development of the private sector by boosting their sales from increased demand. Secondly, trade helps in enhancing competitiveness of developing countries by reduce the cost of inputs and adding value to their products. Rising trade brings in more investments for countries, which in turn improves infrastructure and quality of lives of individuals. Thirdly, trade has also been identified as a major vehicle for export diversification that can be achieved by developing countries. This e nhances possibility of the developing countries to access new

Impact of Technology and Community Policing on Eliminating the Street Essay - 1

Impact of Technology and Community Policing on Eliminating the Street Gangs - Essay role modelSince the entry of the technology in the market, the police force has been able to improve the security levels in the streets and public parks. In an example, through CCTV cameras and other technologies, it has become thinkable for the police to react on time, an aspect that has played a significant role in reducing cases of murder and extortions in the neighborhoods. This is an indication that the government and the heap need to embrace the use of technology in curbing crimes and crime related activities. For instance, the police need to shift from the use of the traditional methods of communities and instead light the use of social media in order to receive the grievances from the residents. This would play a significant role in ensuring that there is no vacuum in the friendship which can be used by the gangs to terrorize the locals. In addition, it would enable the police to be up-to -date with what is happening. Moreover, such technology would be significant in providing a platform where the law enforcers can interact and sh ar ideas on how to improve the security in the argona. The local people are the ones who are affected. As a result, they might give options or ideas on how to eliminate the street gangs in the society. Street gangs exist in areas where there is no effective coordination surrounded by the law enforcers and the local population. In many cases, citizens accuse the law enforcers of complacency, especially when dealing with petty issues. However, when young generation is brought up in lawless areas, they are likely to fall into the acts of the gangs. Therefore, the parents and the police need to work together in order to ensure that all people are safe. This cannot be achieved when there are blame games between the police and the public.

Applied Health Prospective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Applied Health Prospective - Essay Example94). In effect, commoditization is about making property or profit off of soundbox disassembles, organs, and tissues for organ transplantation or, in some instances, for research. It is about treating personify parts as if they were commodities separate from the human body. The statistical figures which relate to the commoditization of human life, especially on organs trade ar not complete because the trade is pick outed illegal and unethical in all territories. Nevertheless, in order to give a general picture of this issue, the World Health Organization estimates that about 50,000 kidney transplants atomic number 18 carried out each year and about 15,000 of these transplants are live donors (GTZ, 2004, p. 11). Some of these transplants would come from relatives, and the rest would be from unrelated donors. These unrelated donors are the cause for concern in the commoditization of human organs because some are illegal transactions. Th ousands of illegal transplants seem to be occurring with each year in different countries like Japan, Italy, the US, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Peru, and South Africa (GTZ, 2004, p. 11). One of the concerns in the organs trade is that the sellers are often coerced by creditors or by their poor stations in life to sell their organs. However, studies have revealed that organ sellers actually receive less than what their body parts are actually worth. Surrogacy, when carried through proper channels, is not as controversial as commercial surrogacy especially when the act of carrying a child is not done as a gestational carrier, but done with ones own egg. This normal seems to be growing especially with the access to ontogeny nations now easily available. Once again, no actual statistics seem to be available for commercial surrogacy however, estimates indicate that this practice has doubled in the last hardly a(prenominal) years (Gathia, 2008). India is one of the nations highly involve d in commercial surrogacy with clients mostly coming from western developed nations. This is the current scenario in the commoditization of human life and body parts. The acts of donating organs or of surrogacy are normally viable medical options however, when these acts are now done with price tags, the human body then becomes a increase or a commodity. This paper shall now discuss in more specific details the different activities involved in the commoditization of human life. It shall also consider the wallop of such activities, the ethical aspects of such activities, including the positive, the negative, and the alternate views on the commoditization of human life. Body Common practices in the commoditization of human life, tissues, and body parts The most crude practices in the commoditization of human life involve the following organ selling, commercial surrogacy, and human experimentation. In some circles, stem cell research is considered a part of the commoditization of hu man life however, since this practice is not yet widespread, it shall not be included as yet in this discussion. Organ selling involves the act of getting organs for a price. Most common are kidney organ sales from developing nations with buyers coming from wealthy developed nations (Rohter, 2004, p. 2). This practice has been criticized for its ethical and physiological impact on sellers who are often taken advantage by rich clients and by middlemen, the latter transacting in the buyers behalf and in the process, profiting from such sale. This practice is illegal in

Diagnosing The Change Essay Example for Free

Diagnosing The Change EssayDiagnostic models provide us with the tools to analyze the functioning of organizations. A variety of methods have been employed to ascertain the factors tincting the functioning of an organization some looked at the internal factors, some at the external factors and some others a combination of these perspectives. No one model is the truth, but each offers its user the opportunity to view the operation of an organization from a particular perspective. (Ian Palmer) Burke-Litwin Model drivers of divergeThis model was chosen because it presents the outline of the external and internal factors that affects the organization, and its inherent changes in a balanced form. The model offers distinction between the transformational and transactional changes of the organization. This involves the responses of the organization towards the environmental changes. Transactional changes are those that mostly entail the qualities like the structure, the system, indi viduals needs and values along with the individuals tasks and skills. However, the transformational change largely covers the changes with respect to the variations of the external environment in scathe of organizational mission and strategy.The four transformational factors are external environment, mission and strategy, leadership, and organizational culture. (Ian Palmer) The following are some of the key points of this change model External calculate This factor embraces the markets, competition, legislation and economy. Both companies show evidence that they are adept at scanning their environment, a factor that enables them to plan and predict the recurrent changes that affect their organizations. Apple, at its best, has shattered the consumer electronics world and in the process has left competitors reeling, and it regained its lost market share and making its shareholders wealthy.

Assess the View That Cults and Sects Are Only Fringe Organisations That Are Inevitably Short Lived and of Little Influence in Contemporary Society Essay Example for Free

Assess the View That Cults and Sects Are Only Fringe Organisations That Are Inevitably Short Lived and of Little ferment in Contemporary Society EssayIt can be argued that cults and sects be only fringe organisations that be inevitably short circuit lived and of little influence in contemporary guild, however some may have views to contrast this idea. A sect is an organization, which usually breaks off from an established religion, which finds itself in disagreement with beliefs and set of wider parliamentary law and refuses to tolerate the beliefs of others. Although the desire to be a member is voluntary, as oppose to being born into, like religion, sects are rejected by society and subscribe to strong obligation and commitment by its members. A sect is an extremely narrow-minded organisation, which is often led by a charismatic leader. Whereas, in contrast, a cult does not progress from a mainstream religion and does not reject or challenge societal norms. However, as t olerant of other beliefs as they are, they excuse attract a great deal of negative press, for example brainwashing. Members in a cult are usually more like customers than followers. An example of a cult is Heavens gate, which is a destructive doomsday cult, centered in California. on that point is a mass of supporting evidence that cults and sects are short lived and peanut to wider society. Nevertheless, it must be maintained that the matter is complex as there are some(prenominal) sects and cults, which identify themselves differently.There is evidence to support this view of a short-lived nature of sects. This is cod to many reasons. World rejecting sects, due to their nature and succeeding societal rejection and stigma of bad press, must be able to compromise with society and becoming a denomination and therefore cease to be a sect, if this is not done then the sect will die out. There is besides an argument that sects cannot have a great deal of affect upon society over a l ong term period as they cannot work past the charismatic leaders lifetime and therefore sustain themselves over more than one generation.The American theologian Niebuhr theorises that another reason for brevity of sects is that they rarely live past the 1st generation because the 2nd generation usually lacks the belief of the 1st. In this way, theirmembership dwindles as the 2nd generation chooses to disappear the sect and hold other views in wider society.However Wilson disagrees with Neibuhrs view and says that he overates his case and chooses to not pay attention to groups who did preserve a distinct sectarist stance. Similarly, evidence proves to discredit the belief that a sect fails to live on past their leaders death. For example, The Mormons have continued for many generations and likewise the Amish- however this could be attributed to the protective isolation-like in which they live. There is also a possibility that the Moonies surviving is due to the leader preparing for his son to take over his mail as the charismatic leader after his death, however this is yet to be seen.Cults have seen a large incline in their number recently and because they are more accepting of wider society and despite receiving bad press, offer a practical solution to peoples issues and wishes, seem less likely to die out due to refusal and disapproval. They are also financially rather stable, the Church of Scientology for example has an estimated income of over 200m per year. This is down to the consumer attitude of cults. There is also a mass of evidence for their splendour in society in a sense that audience cults have a mass market of self help therapy there are many books available for example, tarot reading, crystals and reflexology regularly appear on the best seller list and often more room is devoted to these books rather than Christianity books themselves. The view that cults are fringe movements is less supported than that for sects.Sects very infrequently continue on as sects but cults such as scientology are not only roaring but also have a huge celebrity following trend admired by the public for example Tom Cruise.There is also evidence that sects and cults can be of great influence to society though it is debatable as to whether or not that is possible today in a society as apparently secular as ours. Weber suggests in his Theodicy of Disprivilege that because they offer a solution to problems justification and explanation for life and its problems, to marginalisedgroups such as dropouts or ethnic minorities, world rejecting sects that offer spatial relation appeal to people. An example of this is Liberation Theology which was for the poorer people which had great influence upon the priorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America (though it has become more conservative, it continues to represent human rights and democracy).Bruce argues that it is not a religion and is instead a shallow, meaningless thing. Due to the elements of pick it offers, the choice about which bits to believe and whether to take its readings into account, it does not require commitment. This he argues prevents it having religious status. Post Modernists see it as being spiritual shopping it is part of a consumerist culture. Despite not necessarily being a religion, there is lots of evidence to show that it has influenced society as a whole and, some sociologists would claim, support secularisation. There is also evidence to show that it is unlikely to be particularly short lived as it fits in so well with our Capitalist, consumerist society and our individualistic values and is so profitable.Therefore, though there is strong evidence to show that sects and cults are fringe organisations, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that neither are short lived in themselves either through the Sectarian cycle or demand and supply (though sects tend to become denominations) and also to suggest that the influence of sects and cults on society is greater than expected though the influence of sects and cults is exemplified by older examples and so one cannot be sure as to how successful they will be in todays society, except in regards to specific sects and cults.In conclusion, the view that cults, sects are fringe organisations that are inevitably short-lived and of little influence in modern-day society, is on the whole not wholly correct but has some strength in that the permanency of all is arguable as is their status as fringe organisations.

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy Analysis

Looked After Child (LAC) Policy AnalysisIn this essay I will be focussing on Looked After Children (LAC) as my service user group and identify relevant laws relating to the service user group and then identify new-fashioned policies which underpin this aspect of place, and discuss the values which underpin the law in this area of practice and fin everyy relate these legislation to my placement practice.Definition of the consideration looked after?The term looked after was introduced by the Children coiffure 1989 and refers to fryren who are subject to aid recites and those who are voluntarily accommodated. Wherever possible, the local authority (LA) will go in partnership with parents (Pierson and Thomson, 2002).Many children will give been affected by distressing and damaging experiences including physical and sexual abuse and neglect. Some may be in care because of the illness or death of a parent. Others may have disabilities and complex take ons. The majority of young p eople in care do from families who experience difficulties and are separated from them because their family was unable to provide adequate care. Vulnerable unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in the UK may also acquire looked after (Department of Education and Skills, 2004).The main pieces of legislation underpinning favorable services for children and young people are the Children process 1989, the Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 and the Adoption and Children Act 2002.Local governance have specific legal duties in respect of children under the Children Act 1989 includingTo safeguard and promote the welfare of children in their area who are in choose Provided that this is consistent with the childs safety and welfare, to promote the upbringing of such children by their families, by providing services appropriate to the childs require , to provoke enquiries if they have reasonable cause to comic that a child in their area is suffering, or likely to suffer significant harm, to enable them to decide whether they should take any action to safeguard or promote the childs welfare(Brammer, 2007).Children (Leaving Care) Act 2000 places responsibilities on local authorities to provide greater support to young people living in and leaving care. These includeA transaction to assess and meet the needs of young people aged 16 and 17 who qualify for the new arrangements, the provision of a personal consultant and pathway fancy for all young people aged 16 to 21, or beyond for those who qualify for the new arrangements ,a duty to assist those leaving care, including with employment, study and training (the duty to assist with education and training and to provide a personal adviser and pathway plan continues for as long as a young person remains in an agreed programme, even beyond the age of 21(Brayne and Carr (2005)).Adoption and Children Act 2002This act aligns winion law with the Children Act 1989 to make the childs welfare the paramount consideration in al l decisions to do with adoption. It includesProvisions to encourage more people to adopt looked after children by helping to go through that the support they need is available. A new, clear duty on local authorities to provide an adoption support service and a new right hand for people affected by adoption to request and adopt an assessment of their needs for adoption support services .Provisions to enable unmarried couples to apply to adopt jointly, thereby widening the pool of potential adoptive parents .Stronger safeguards for adoption by improving the legal controls on intercountry adoption, arranging adoptions and advertising children for adoption .A new exceptional guardianship order to provide security and permanence for children who cannot return to their birth families, but for whom adoption is not the most suitable option and a duty on local authorities to arrange advocacy services for looked after children and young people leaving care in the context of complaints (De partment of Education and Skills,2004).The another(prenominal) key aspect of the duties of LAs in relation to children looked after by them is the provision of education. Every Child Matters (2000), the Children Act 1989 (s.22) (3)(a) (and amended by section 52 of the Children Act 2004) have stressed and reinforced the importance of the local authoritys duty to promote LACs educational achievements.In order to do so, a care plan needs to be produced, which would include a Personal Education Plan (PEP). The PEP would look at the childs developmental needs in terms of his/her education and, as states by Every Child Matters (2000), should be freshened regularly. Here, partnership and inter-professional/agency spurt is again reinforced in order to meet the childs needs. Further, there is a need for LAs to encourage LACs to have health examinations, particularly regular checks by GPs, dentists and opticians. At the same time to acknowledge that a child can refuse this having respect to his/her age and understanding (Children Act 1989)(s.38)(6).The value of the child welfare is incorporated in the every child matters (2003) policy which emphasise that looked after children must be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve in life, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic well being (Department of Education and Skills,2004).My abet placement was with an organisation who deals with Children and Adolescents who suffer from Mental Health and also have difficulties with their status in UK. The team specifically worked with looked after children (LAC) who were suffering from emotional and mental behavioral problems.Whilst on my placement, s31 were used most often. The social workers had to make certain that they had all the necessary documents in place before any action was interpreted. If a social worker interfered, without authorised documents from the courts, the birth parents could take court action against the local authorities. Legislation ma y at times be helpful or unhelpful for LAC. A positive aspect of legislation is that the local authority has a obligatory responsibility to make authorized a care plan is in place, in accordance with the 1989 Children Acts, s26 (2) and s31A plan, indoors ten days of the individual being placed with the local authority. This will make sure that the individuals needs, views and wishes are taken into consideration when decisions are made. The childs parents or whoever holds parental responsibility, foster careers and an independent advisor may also be present when the care plan is been drawn up. The care plan should include factors such as the individuals education and health needs, how often advert should be made with parent/siblings.During my placement, I attended a review opposition, to discuss child x who had just been placed in a foster home. The foster carer was discussing the troubles she encountered with him, for example his challenging behavior and him missing his siblings . Following the meeting the social workers decided to speak to child x, to identify reasons for his behaviour.However, there are certain aspects of the legislation that may at times be harmful to LAC. The Children Act 1989 s22 (3) places an importance towards family stability. This may not always be in the child/young persons best interest. Kinship care may not always be suitable collectible to factors such as family dynamics, if the child was taken away because of abuse or neglect or there could still be contact with the birth family. The above could have a unfavorable effect on the child/young persons well being. Section 22(5) of the Children Act 1989 states that all local authority, have a duty, to consider a childs cultural and ethnic background, when placing them with foster carers. However, this may not always be possible, for service users who are from the black and ethnic minorities, ascribable to the lack of black and ethnic minority foster carers(Colton et al, 2001). Ac cording to Colton et al (2001) there are a high proportion of black and ethnic minority children and young people, especially dual heritage service users, who are looked after.In todays society, children who are looked after are considered to be amongst the most at risk (Every child matter, 2004). Numerous having experienced hardship may be naive of their entitlements and therefore may not get their requirements met. The language often used within social work is judge to be very complex and confusing for service users, especially children and young people. Therefore Local authorities and social workers need to work in partnership with LAC, their families and agencies in order to protect and look after service users. Legislation needs to be used fittingly in order to empower service users. Research has shown when local authorities and parents work together the outcomes for the child/young person, have a higher chance of working (Thoburn et al, 1995). brotherly workers hold a vast amo unt of authority when carrying out their work therefore it is vital that they do not misuse this status. Social workers work within the restraints of policy and procedures trying to meet the needs of service users. (Allen, 1998). Good social work practice is working in partnership with all concerned. This may except cause an imbalance between the service users/family and local authority. For example, if the local authority has to remove a child due to abuse, the family may not always agree. By having awareness and working in a reflective manner, with regard to ones own personal prejudices, values and attitudes will enhance safe social work practice with service users. Legislation at times may discriminate either on a personal, cultural or structural level (Thompson, 2001). It is the duty of all social workers to be aware of this and challenge it, on all levels. In the Children Act 1989, s22 (5), tries to support anti discriminatory practice by given due consideration to LAC religio us and cultural needs, before placing them with foster carers (Allen, 1998).It is important that social workers, who work with LAC and their families hold fast to theChildren Act 1989.Understanding of the law is extremely important. Also social workers need to be alert and be aware of the challenge that they may meet when working within the legal framework. It is of utmost importance that social workers receive regular training to be kept informed with legislation and necessary skills, which will help to improve their current practice. Social workers need to make sure their practice is anti-discriminatory, as to empower service users and promote their autonomy.ReferenceAllen, N. (1998) Making sense of the Childrens Act (3rd edition), John Wiley SonBrayne, H. Carr, H. (2005) Law for Social Workers. (9th Ed.). Oxford Oxford University Press.Colton, M. Sanders, R. and Williams, M. (2001) An introduction working(a) with children, a guide for social workers, Palgrave.Pierson, J M, T homson (2002) Dictionary of Social Work. Harper Collins Publishers.Brammar, A. Socail Work Law,2007(2nd edition),Pearson Education Ltd.Thompson, N. (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice (3rd edition), PalgraveThoburn, J. Lewis, A and Shemmings, D. (1995) Paternalism or Partnership Family Involment in the Child Protection Process, Blackwell.Every Child Matters (2000) Guidance on the education of children and young people in public care 2000. Online. Available from http//www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/files/9E18CB7F9306BA85A821C24BBCE18082.pdf (Accessed 4/5/2007).

Dairy Industry In India Marketing Essay

Dairy Industry In India Marketing EssayIn India the dairy farm industry is of crucial importance. The country is the worlds largest take out producer and accounts for more than 13% of worlds total draw produceion. India consumes almost 100 % of its own milk production and is stated to be the worlds largest consumer of dairy products. Dairy products constitute as a major source of cheap and nutritious food to millions of lot in India and the only acceptable form of animal protein for large vegetarian segments of the Indian population. (Karmakar, 2006) perish Dairy companies in IndiaAmul is one of the topmost companies in the dairy industry, which recorded a sales turnover of 67113 million Rs in 2008-09 (Amul, 2009). Followed by Nestle India Pvt Ltd. with a turnover of 51672 million Rs (Nestle, 2009) and Britannia Pvt Ltd whose turnover were 34523 (Britannia, 2009)In this composing I kick in chosen Amul Pvt Ltd, as it is the largest milk production company in Asia.1.2 History o f the political partyAmul Pvt Ltd. is the company that is renowned for initiating the phenomena of The White Revolution in India making the country the largest manufacturer of milk and its by products in the world.Amul was engrafted on December 14th, 1946. Dr Verghese Kurien in any plate referred to, as the Father of the White Revolution is the man behind the success of the company. AMUL is an acronym for Anand take out Producers Union India Limited.Amul was waneup as a model for development in rural aras. Amul is located in the state of Gujarat, in a small town called Anand. (Business maps of India, 2010)Amul was taken over by the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing conspiracy GCMMF in 1973.Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation is one of Indias largest food products marketing organization. Its main aim is to provide to the farmers remunerative returns and for the benefit of the consumers provide them with note products which are value for money. (Amul, 2010)1.3 Com pany StatisticsMembers13 district cooperative milk producers UnionNo. Of Producer Members2.9 millionNo. Of Village Societies15,322Total Milk handling capacity13.07 million litres per dayMilk Collection (Total 2009-2010)3.32 billion litresMilk Collection (Average 2009-2010)9.10 million litresMilk Drying Capacity647 Mts. Per dayCattle fertilize manufacturing Capacity3740 Mts. Per day(Amul, 2010)1.4 Company Financials 4Sales TurnoverRs (million)US $ (in million)2000-01225885002001-02233655002002-03274575752003-04289416162004-05292256722005-06377368502006-074277810502007-085255413252008-096711315042009-10800531700(Amul, 2010)1.4.1 Amuls Sales turnover 4*Graph establish on the figures from the table to a higher place(Turnover is in Million US $)The company recorded a growth of 28.8 % despite the global economic downturn. From a turnover of 1325 million dollars in 2007-08 the milk giant jumped to 1504 million dollars in 2008-09, resulting in a double-digit turnover 3 years in a row1.4. 2 Exports*Graph based on the figures from the tables preceding(prenominal)(Turnover in Crore Rs)The company witnessed a growth in spite of the global economic meltdown. The companys exports reached 133 crore Rs in 2008-09 in comparability to the 125 crores in 2007-08.Amul products are exported to a number of countries namely Australia, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Singapore, UAE and USA1.5 Product RangeAmul is recognized as the biggest brand in the pouched mile sector of the world and stated to be Indias largest food brand.Amul has a varied range of products, which includeMilkMilk PowdersGhee (Saturated Butter)ButterCheesePaneer (Cottage Cheese)YogurtChocolate and confectionariesIce-CreamInfant Milk RangeThe products down the stairs these categories are ready(prenominal) under a brand umbrella with over 60 different product names. Amul has been very famous for Milk, butter and cheese. Amul milk is sell under brand names such as Taaza, Gold and Shakti. Amul butter is a vailable under names such as Amul butter and Lite. Cheese is available under brand names of Processed cheese spreads, godiva and Emmental (Amul, 2010)1.6 Consumers Relationships with Amul ProductsFor consumers, dairy product are an integral part of their lifestyle irrespective of the fact to which strata of the society they choke to. Thus the relationship created between them is Interdependence, the products form a part of the consumers day-by-day routine.Amuls Marketing MixProductThe Products form a part of the FMCG industry. The products are all important(p) commodities bought on a regular basis.PriceAmul products are priced at relatively affordable prices for all the segments of the market, however certain products are priced comparatively higher and are bought by a segment of the market with higher purchasing power.PlaceLocations of the stores play the most significant role in higher sales of the product. As stated earlier their distribution network consists of over 2 million retail outlets.PromotionAmul launched one of the most successful campaigns with the utterly Butterly Girl quotation which resulted as an entry into Guinness book of world records for the longest running campaign. The mascot has played an imperative role in increasing the brand recall value.2 outline and Data InterpretationAccording to Mr. P.G. Bhatol, the companys chairman, he said in the 35th annual report of the company 2008-09 that The Company registered a growth of 28% against the setting of the global niche. (Bhatol, 2009) This statement by the chairman reveals the fact that in spite of the economic downturn, the purchasing decision making routine of the consumer remained unchanged during the changing monetary situations.2.1 Buying Decision-Making Process The Model (i)(Adapted from Cox, R and Brittain, P (2000), Retail Management, 4th Edition, Pitman Publishing)The growth of the company can be attributed to the consumers buying decision-making process.The Buying Decision -Making process as seen in the diagram above begins with the a simple need, in context with buying any amul product the process can be explained asIt all begins with the Need. The consumers require these dairy products on a daily basis as this product falls within the essential commodity category.Although these products are infallible on a regular basis, consumers recognize the need to buy these commodities either on a certain occasion when they run out of it or they smell out need to buy and store it for future consumption.Since dairy products are a customary purchase, the involvement is low in comparison to buying a product such as a Television. This decision of buying the product is taken by a single person with teeny-weeny time consumption in making the final decision.Since this product is a low involvement purchase, thither is only a limited amount of information search carried out. In just about cases there is no conscious effort made by the customer to get the informatio n regarding the product but is got when watching television or flipping finished pages of the magazines. Amul being a very well established and old brand is probably only one of the reasons why consumers choose it. Amul has always focused a lot on advertising and their mascot is always used to portray the current situationsWhen consumers look for information regarding any dairy products Amul would always be the foremost survival of the fittest however a consumer lead always look for alternatives, where they could find better quality products at better prices.Amul products are very reasonably priced in comparison to its competitors.The decision is obvious, as Amul is priced very reasonably in comparison to its competitor Mother dairy. Purchase of Amul products is made convenient through their strong distribution network. diffusion Network (2008)Number of OutletsDistribution for fresh milk1800Distribution for value added milk products3500(Amul, 2009)The consumer is already happy w ith the fact the product is available at each corner, and feels a sense of tremendous satisfaction with the high quality of the product bought at reasonable prices.2.1.1 Habitual Decision-makingHabitual decision-making can be defined as choices that are made with little or at time without any conscious effort.The Constant affix in the sales turnover from 1050 million $ in 2006-07 to 1325 in 2007-08 and to 1504 million dollars during the recession hit period of 2008-09 could be attributed to the fact that these purchases are made because of habitual decision making behaviour of the consumer.The trend in which the profit increases year after year has a direct connect to the trend in which the consumer makes his purchase decision.Since dairy products are consumed on a daily basis their purchase can be termed as a habitual purchase,This process of habitual decision-making by the consumer is one of the foremost reasons of the companys success. Consumers of Amul products make this decis ion of buying the product with little or sometimes without any conscious effort.Thus the entire concept of habitual decision making by the consumer results in invariant purchase of the same brand irrespective of the fact whether they can afford it at that point of time which increased sales of the company despite the recession and resulted with a 179 million $ profit.Apart from the fact that consumers made these purchases decisions out of habit they were also habituated to looking at the Amul Mascot i.e. the Uttlery Butterly Girl50 years after it was first launched, Amuls sale figures have jumped from 1000 tonnes a year in 1966 to over 25,000 tonnes a year in 1997. No other brand comes even near to it. (Amul, 2010)amul30.jpg(Amul Hits, 2008)The topical ad released during the economic downturn in 2008This ad campaign has been successful right from the start and all through out the economic depression. The ad above was made to address the economic downturn in 2008.This ad campaign t o a great extent had a certain amount of lure on the consumer. Not only did the ad bring a little humor to the serious part of the recession but was somewhere etched in the back of the consumers mind.In terms of consumer behavior concepts, the entire ad campaign comes in play when a consumer has to make a choice between alternatives.The ad campaigns have a great impact on the consumer thus influences the consumers decisions while selecting the product from other competitor products.2.1.2 The AlternativesA detailed analysis of this reveals that alternatives are influenced by ad campaigns in the following ways(Solomon et all, 2010,334)It is a known fact that however loyal customers may be to a certain brand of products at times they may tend to consider looking at other attractive alternatives.Through the ad campaign Amul, as brand has been lucky copious to create a niche in the minds of their consumers, to be more precise in the evoked set of their consumers.This evoked set is def ined as the set of alternatives that the consumer already knows about and is aware of. This set consists of those products, which are already in memory i.e. the retrieval set. (Sololmon et all, 2010)If analyzed in context with the ad above, such an ad leaves an impact on the consumer. This ad was used to create a definite place for that product not only in the minds of the consumer but also establish a prominent place in the environment. It increases the brand recall value thus making the product (amul) seem the best choice from the rest.The ad campaigns to a large extent encourage the need of buying a product.2.2 demand and BehaviorAccording to Mr. P.G. Bhatol, the companys chairman, he said in the 35th annual report of the company 2008-09 that Since Milk and Milk products are fundamental staples for every Indian household, their want is not likely to be affected by transient economic slumps (Bhatol, 2009)This statement when analyzed conveys the message that irrespective of the recession and the effect of it on the consumers, certain products, in this case being milk and its by products cannot be compromised on.The level of consumption by different consumers of these products may decrease but will certainly not be stopped.Sales figures of the company show an increase in these products during the year 2008-2009ProductSales Growth (%)Amul Milk44 %Amul Cheese26%Amul Butter17%Amul Ice-cream16%Dairy Whitener12%(Amul, 2009)A reason for this increase in sales during the recession can be linked directly to the concept of Maslows hierarchy.As these products fall under Physiological needfully, these needs are inevitable, and they are essential for survival.These needs form the largest and most important part in Maslows hierarchy(Solomon et all, 2010, 186)As Maslows hierarchy implies, the basic needs have to be fulfilled before climbing up the ladder.A consumer will for certain satisfy these basic lower level needs. Milk is just a part of the physiological needs how ever once that need is satisfied it gives rise to other needs and a consumer then satisfies all these needs together. This contributed to the increase in sales of the by products of milk.Related to Maslows hierarchy we could also explain a consumers behavior on the basis of Motives in particular. Looking at this precedent classification we could understand the consumers behavior from a different perspective(Blythe, pp 32-33)If we relate the concept of Maslows hierarchy with the different motives, the most predominant motive that influences the consumer when buying an Amul dairy product would be a still motive. These motives exist in the minds of the consumer but they are not aware of it. Consumers in their subconscious mind hold these dormant motives, which result in buying the same brand products over and over again without much effort.Dormant motives are connected to secondary motives. Secondary motives are the reasons why consumers buy a particular brand. This is probably the r eason why they choose Amul over the other brands.A deeper analysis in to the statement reveals that the demand remained unaffected could be explained through the primary concept of needs and behaviour.It is a known fact that, if a need does not exist then there isnt any motivation to achieve the goal of satisfying the need.As stated by the chairman of the company Milk and milk products are staple for the people of India. Analysis of this statement leads to the fact that these needs are Biogenic needs, which are required to maintain life.The argument here could be further related toNeedsIf milk is a staple then the need for it is essential.In this case the need is very high. Consumers needs for dairy products are constant with very little change. These needs have to be fulfilled almost instantly. This probably was a factor that resulted in the 44% growth of milk in 2008MotivationA sense of tension is created when this need is left unfulfilled which will drive them to take some action and fulfill this need. Here in this case the consumer will find the need to buy the product, which will motivate him/her to go out to the closest store and buy it thus fulfilling its need.WantsIt is possible that sometimes what we want may not be a need. A want is defined as the consumption behavior that satisfies the unfulfilled need. A want is not necessarily a need and a need is not necessarily a want. However in this case the need is more dominant then the want for it.GoalsThe basic need of dairy products leads to buying the product and achieving the goal of satisfying it by purchasing value products.When talking about value products, consumer satisfaction is a whimsey directly related to it.Based on a recent consumer report by consumer daddy Amul scored a Customer satisfaction level of 5.003, which is considered as a good average score.nescsl.jpg(Consumer daddy, 2010)The above graph shows a constant trend in the level of satisfactionnewcs1.jpg(Consumer daddy, 2010)For Amuls c onsumer the brand value and value for money are important aspects along with hygiene, reliability and safety of the product.This level of satisfaction a consumer wants from any product is related to the stages of the means end chain. From the above statistics it can be derived that for Amul consumers just the product wasnt the main goal but also the level of satisfaction achieved after the purchase.2.3 The Means-End ChainThe chain is explained with the example of milk(Tao, 2010)In the context of the consumer satisfaction report mentioned above,Consumer looks for maximum satisfaction in terms of the quality value over price.Price is incidental in this case while the company brand value and product value is predominant.Here when explaining the chain through milk, the attributes consumer gets are fresh and natural product, the consequence being the consumer gets a balanced diet which in the end results in a healthy life which is the Life goal of any consumer.3. ConclusionAmul will alwa ys be the first choice for consumers as it is a well-established brand and also provides good quality products, thus creating a niche in the minds of the consumers. Also amul has expanded extensively all over the country thus enabling the consumers to have easy access to the products at any given point of time.From the above analysis and data interpretation carried out, one can conclude that reason for the companys success Amul was purely based on the fact that these products were primary commodities and for consumers Amul was always their first choice based on the fact that is a very well established brand and is known for quality products.The Brand has created a niche in the minds of the consumers thus encouraging and gaining more customer loyalty. During the times of depression, Amul success could me based on the fact that there was a constant demand for essential commodities.